Poorly implemented energy subsidies are economically costly to taxpayers and damage the environment through increased emissions of greenhouse gases and other air pollutants. Energy subsidies also create distortive price signals and result in higher energy consumption or production as well as...

This report studies impediments to investment and private sector development in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, and Serbia and Montenegro. It aims to yield fundamentally new insights for improving the region's...

A companion volume to the International Handbook on the Economics of Corruption published in 2006, the specially commissioned papers in Volume Two present some of the best policy-oriented research in the field. They stress the institutional roots of corruption and include new research on topics...

[eng] Competition Policy Across Transition Economies . This paper classifies competition policy rules and implementation experience across transition economies and assesses its relationship with the intensity of economy-wide competition. First, we define a range of competition policy rule and...

[eng] This paper classifies competition policy rules and implementation experience across transition economies and assesses its relationship with the intensity of economy-wide competition. First, we define a range of competition policy rule and implementation criteria relevant for transition and...

The current distribution of power markets around intermediate structures between full integration and unbundling suggests that there has not been a linear path to reform in practice. Instead, many developing countries may retain intermediate structures in the foreseeable future. This possibility...