Innovation is widely considered one of the most important drivers for firm growth in the contemporary economy. However …, the 'elusive' as well as heterogeneous nature of innovation has generated a lively debate among scholars with regards to … the best metrics to capture its features and effects. Often, this has led to a reliance on R&D and/or patent …

understood as being charged with sufficiently incentivizing innovation. Thus, excessively rewarding patent holders is not among … conversations about innovation incentives and fair drug pricing. To the extent states are patent preempted from regulation reaching …, however, confronts the headwinds of patent preemption. As patent rights are federally conferred, how—if at all—may states …

and patent productivity of the respective regional innovation systems (RIS). The empirical analysis is for nine German …