This paper uncovers a series of empirical facts regarding the sources of U.S. urban growth in the 1880s. We use a large theoretical literature to provide motivations for a number of potential sources of growth, particularly those based on geographical proximity externalities. These sources are...

Innovation Policy and the Economy: Introduction to Volume 7 -- 1 Is the Pharmaceutical Industry in a Productivity Crisis? -- 2 When Ideas Are Not Free: The Impact of Patents on Scientific Research -- 3 Wrapping It Up in a Person: The Mobility Patterns of New PhDs -- 4 Innovation Incentives for...

Intro -- Innovation Policy and the Economy: Introduction to Volume 6 -- 1 Policy Implications of Weak Patent Rights -- 2 Innovation and Its Discontents -- 3 Consumer Benefi t from Use of the Internet -- 4 Opportunities for Improving the Drug Development Process: Results from a Survey of Industry...