The linkage between transport and economic development is a highly contentious issue which has generated considerable … debate and an abundant literature. There is a firmly-held belief among politicians that investment in transport … set out to clarify this issue by analysing the arguments for and against the presumed linkage between "transport …

An inverted-U relationship between GDP per capita and three urban transport-related emissions is tested (using data … from 84 cities). Per capita urban transport-related emissions of CO, VHC, and NOx increase and then decline at observed … per passenger-km). However, for urban transport energy consumed, the estimated turning point was well beyond the sample …