Purpose – The purpose of this conceptual paper is to provide a typology of governance structures (three were identified) that offers an integrated approach to understanding knowledge as a global resource and facilitates research on the growing competition for knowledge resources between...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the changing nature of competition in China. China received over $60 billion in foreign direct investment in 2003, and its economy is already the world's second largest in PPP terms. Thus, there is a tremendous need for executives to...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the significant qualitative factors that affect the financial performance of financial firms. The authors argue that those factors can be used as “indices of identity” or external cues that help financial firms enhance their...

Suggests that the existing literature in management on Asian corporate and industrial strategies has tended to focus on the relationship between the USA and Japan. Research has greatly neglected such comparisons between Europe and Asia, although there are recent exceptions. Aims to analyse...

Describes how the international business system has undergone dramatic changes since Vernon’s life cycle model in 1966 which postulated that international corporations could sell product sequentially ‐ first in the USA, then in Europe, and later in Japan. Other parts of the world would then...

In this paper we try to explain how price discrimination can cause bilateral trade patterns of the type seen under countertrade agreements. We interpret countertrade as a form of transaction bundling, which can discriminate between potential trading partners, and we combine characteristics from...