Market bubbles often occur around the same time that new means of investing become available to enable increased market participation. An important aspect of increased market participation is the possible introduction of new investors who behave differently from existing traditional investors....

Locating one or more components of the value chain offshore is now a common element of the global strategy of many firms. Strategic motives include cost reduction, enhancing efficiency, leveraging of competence-based advantages, geographic expansion and speed to market. However, there is little...

A multi-modal search space can be defined as having multiple attraction basins – each basin has a single local optimum which is reached from all points in that basin when greedy local search is used. Optimization in multi-modal search spaces can then be viewed as a two-phase process. The first...