Using German establishment data, this paper examines the relationship between product market competition and the extent … of employer provided training. We demonstrate that high product market competition is associated with increased training … except when the competition is so severe as to threaten liquidation to a firm. We take this as evidence of an inverted U …

monopoly basis, competition does play a key role on routes with a sufficiently large base of (potential) customers. From a … 24 years old and the presence of intermodal competition by intercity railway services. …

broadband infrastructure in rural areas of Germany. Such subsidies are subject to state aid control by the European Commission … subsidies complied with EU state aid rules, both in terms of effectiveness and competition. …

comparison with the United States. It has been argued that lack of product market competition and poor corporate governance are … econometric analysis of firm performance in Germany. Based on a unique panel data set with detailed information on almost 400 … product market competition experience higher rates of productivity growth. We also find weak evidence for the notion that in …