During the turbulent 1970s and 1980s the Bundesbank established an outstanding reputation in the world of central banking. Germany achieved a high degree of domestic stability and provided safe haven for investors in times of turmoil in the international financial system. Eventually the...

Central banks have usually employed short-term rates as the main instrument of monetary policy. In the last decades, however, forward guidance has also become a central tool for monetary policy. In an innovative way this paper combines two sources of extraneous information - high frequency...

Could a monetary policy loosening in a low interest rate environment have unintended recessionary effects? Using a non-linear macroeconomic model fitted to the euro area economy, we show that the effectiveness of monetary policy can decline in negative territory until it reaches a turning point,...

This paper reviews the rationale for quantitative easing when central bank policy rates reach near zero levels in light of recent announcements regarding direct asset purchases by the Bank of England, the Bank of Japan, the U.S. Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank. Empirical evidence...

For an economy characterized by neo-Keynesian wage rigidity, an optimal open market rule is derived based on financial market information, including auction price behavior. Simulations of a small model of the United States--estimated via full information maximum likelihood together with a...

Research with Keynesian-style models has emphasized the importance of the output gap for policies aimed at controlling inflation while declaring monetary aggregates largely irrelevant. Critics, however, have argued that these models need to be modified to account for observed money growth and...

We study the equilibrium properties of a business cycle model with financial frictions and price adjustment costs. Capital-constrained entrepreneurs finance risky projects by borrowing from banks. Banks, in turn, make loans using equity and deposits. Because financial contracts are not...

In our dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model, capital-constrained entrepreneurs finance risky projects by borrowing from banks. Banks make loans using equity and deposits. Because financial contracts are non-state-contingent, bank balance sheets are exposed to entrepreneurial defaults....

In a small open economy model with traded and non-traded goods this paper characterizes conditions under which interest rate rules induce aggregate instability by generating multiple equilibria. These conditions depend not only on how aggressively the rule responds to inflation, but also on the...

In this article, we study the optimal simple monetary policy rules under the Zero Lower Bound using DSGE model. The model economy is open and highly dependent on the terms of trade. Economic dynamics is the result of a terms of trade shock and an external interest rate shock. Using the impulse...