In this paper we address the question of how the generosity of the benefit rule of the German public pension system has changed during the past three decades and how this development can be explained by demographic changes. Firstly, we illustrate the political risk of benefit rule changes for...

The aim of this chapter is to review the main instruments and indicators used to measure the sustainability of PAYG pension systems. It will distinguish between defined contribution and defined benefit systems, due to the various implications that each of them has. It will also be necessary to...

Fairness is an important feature of pension systems, but it is a wide concept with multiple sides. In this chapter, we try to distinguish some of them with the aim of using the terms in a proper manner. More specifically, we have observed at least five meanings for the notion of fairness when...