In this paper we analyse market co-movements during the global financial crisis. Using high frequency data and accounting for market microstructure noise and non-synchronous trading, interdependencies between differing as-set classes such as equity, FX, fixed income, commodity and energy...

The sharp deceleration of credit growth to the private sector in the EU, after half a decade of exuberance, will inevitably squeeze households and enterprises and can only aggravate the worsening recession. The region experienced very rapid credit growth in recent years, which was generally...

Recoveries from recessions associated with a financial crisis tend to be sluggish. In this paper, we present evidence that stressed credit conditions are an important factor constraining the pace of recovery. In particular, using industry-level data, we find that industries relying more on...

The recent financial crisis and all unusual monetary and fiscal policy reactions have stressed the importance to be given to understand macroeconomic consequences of policy interventions and their interactions. This profound crisis has led to both nonstandard policy actions of various...

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In December 1999 the Swiss National Bank (SNB) abandoned monetary targeting and introduced a new monetary policy strategy. The cornerstones of the new framework are an explicit definition of what the SNB considers to be price stability, a forecast of inflation over a three-year horizon, and a...

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The maturity of the operational target of monetary policy is a distinguishing feature of the SNB's operational framework of monetary policy. While most central banks use targets for the overnight rate to signal the policy-intended interest rate level, the SNB announces a target range for the...

The common monetary policy is applyed in all member states of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), having a common institutional system, common European currency and system of regulations that helps them coordinate the banking activities in all EMU. The application of this policy has brought...

The financial crises are generally associated with banking crises due to the role they play in their production, transmission and settlement. This paper presents a number of different approaches taken from the specialized literature on the causes that led to the outbreak of the financial crises.