Successful development and uptake of vaccine technology in a Quadruple Helix Innovative health or economic system requires a clear understanding of society's preferences as the fourth helix. With significant financial commitments to find a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine still ongoing, this...

New drug therapies may deliver many social and economic benefits, but current levels of innovation across diseases may not be socially optimal. This dissertation investigates two mechanisms by which governments may influence pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) priorities: (1) public...

Drug recalls, contamination events, and shortages are on the rise, but drug companies still rely on decades-old manufacturing plants and processes. Contrary to widespread perceptions, drug manufacturing is typically expensive, inefficient, and non-innovative. Drug companies spend much more on...

Operation Warp Speed (OWS) was a U.S. government-led program to accelerate the development, production, and administration of COVID-19 vaccines. The program cut the typical ten-year timeline needed to develop a new vaccine down to ten months and began vaccinating vulnerable populations within a...