The COVID-19 crisis intensified decade-long debates on the interaction between intellectual property rights (IPRs), competition law and access to affordable life-saving treatments and vaccines. Compulsory licensing of patented medicines is a tried-and-tested method to expand access, particularly...

This paper challenges the global science standard for putting new drugs on pharmacy shelves. The primary premise is that the ‘gold standard’ of group experimental design is an antiquated extension of the crude science past in drug development, which is inconsistent with the precision of...