One of the biggest barriers for the development of incubators in Europe is the lack of entrepreneurship and the underdevelopment of seed financing and business angel networks. While incubation is increasingly being used as a tool for promoting entrepreneurship and start-ups, leading to new...

This paper develops different ways to stimulate business angel investment. Coping with the second equity gap can mainly happen by stimulating syndication and by setting up co-investment schemes. Investor readiness, corporate orientation, business angel networks, business angel academies and the...

<title/> This paper reviews the role of business angels in the financing of entrepreneurial businesses. Following a review of the characteristics of business angel investors, the paper examines the complementarities between business angels and the formal venture capital market, and concludes with a...

<title/> In reaction to the enormous lack of venture capital in Europe compared to the US, the European Union, until now relatively absent from the venture capital market, has launched new programmes focusing on direct financing of the setting up and development of venture capital funds (by capital...

Start-ups and early stage ventures are facing more and more financial constraints. The lack of second round financing substantially reduces the potential of patent applications from spin-offs and other early stage ventures. On the other hand, investing in new companies provides large companies...

The paper evaluates whether government intervention through the subsidization of business angel networks (BANs) enhances regional economic growth in Flanders, Belgium. It shows that, firstly, BANs reduce the information and financing problems entrepreneurial companies face. Secondly, that these...