international patent applications in the US, Japan, the European Patent Office, and corresponding filings in three developing … undertake detailed analyses of patent prosecution in the three developing countries. Our analyses indicate that measures to … procedural aspects of patent systems, beyond the formal policies targeting secondary applications, that affect outcomes for these …

pharmaceuticals that were compliant with the 1995 Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). We combine … pharmaceutical product sales data for India with a newly gathered dataset of molecule-linked patents issued by the Indian patent … office. Exploiting variation in the timing of patent decisions, we estimate that a molecule receiving a patent experienced an …

affordable generic medicines when it starts granting patents for pharmaceuticals. It systematically compares Cambodia's IP laws … strengthening the use of preventive and remedial TRIPS flexibilities and removing criminal sanctions for patent infringements …. Cambodia should reject any TRIPS-plus provisions in its patent legislation and avoid membership in bilateral or plurilateral …

presents distinctive features of the Canadian patent policy, following a roughly chronological order. To begin, we provide an … provides a review of the history of the different patent terms that have existed in Canada. This chapter ends with a review of … federal government amended its patent law in 2004, following a WTO decision authorizing compulsory licensing to provide …

have enormous implications for the future of innovation and the issue of access to patented goods, notably pharmaceuticals …, albeit to a limited extent, by focusing on the standards for the grant of injunctions in patent infringement suits. This is … particularly relevant, as a number of developing countries, such as India, are faced with burgeoning patent disputes disputes that …