. Our identification of the model implies long-lasting output gaps for Germany – especially for the disinflation period of …

Germany, France, Italy and Spain, four continental European countries with strong insider-outsider divides. I then study the … the interaction of these two factors in four Continental European countries: Germany, France, Italy and Spain. The … analysis reveals that the development of unemployment and temporary employment varies between the four countries. In Germany …

mark-up stronger than in Germany in the wake of skill-biased technological change. The reason is that the unskilled … training and education costs in the USA for unskilled employees and unemployed. In Germany, the lower skill wage mark-up leads …