Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are important in transmitting technology across national borders. Not only do they allow for transfer of technology within the firm, but it is also believed that they are important channels for international R&D spillovers as well. This paper analyzes empirically...

An 'incentive subsidy' policy for subsidizing private R & D is proposed that can be more efficient, from a social point of view, than subsidy policies in common use such as a 'normal' subsidy policy (fixed amount granted at project start), and conditional loans (loan is repaid only if project is...

This paper analyzes a three-stage optimization problem in which a firm chooses (i) its technology, by deciding on a level of R&D, (ii) whether this technology is to be used in a domestic or in a foreign plant and (iii) the quantity produced and sold on the market. If technology transfer costs...

Government subsidized industrial R & D stands for a large and increasing segment of the total R & D conducted. Yet very little is known about the effectiveness of such subsidies. This paper summarizes the empirical literature concerning direct project subsidies, tax credits, and support for...

This paper shows that plant and firm size in manufacturing, and especially in engineering industry, in several Western industrial countries has declined since the early 1970s. Two hypotheses explaining the decline are advanced. One is 'de-glomeration' or specialization: the divestiture of...

Using a sample of 95 German firms, the study finds general support for the traditional fits of international strategy-structure theory. Employing an information-processing perspective, the study conceptually and empirically extends existing theory (1) to address strategy-structure fit for...

Die Strukturpolitik Nordrhein-Westfalens hat sich lange darauf konzentriert, den Strukturwandel im Ruhrgebiet zu bewältigen. Eine Vielzahl neuer Hochschulen entstand, die Infrastruktur wurde ausgebaut, in den rasch wachsenden Dienstleistungssektoren wurde überall im Land eine Fülle neuer...