In this paper we explore relationships between corruption perceptions and such characteristics as the size of shadow … countries. It is shown that irrespective of whether the economy is developed or transitional, negative dependence of corruption … the shadow economy passes 45%, the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index ceases to respond to growth of …

This study examines the relationship between country-level corruption (proxied by the Corruption Perception Index, CPI … are examined. The findings of the study indicate a positive association between corruption and ROA in high-income nations … quality has a positive moderating influence on the relationship between corruption and ROA, especially in nations with low …

Although the theoretical literature often uses lobbying and corruption synonymously, the empirical literature … associates lobbying with the preferred mean for exerting influence in developed countries and corruption with the preferred one … suggest that (a) lobbying and corruption are fundamentally different, (b) political institutions play a major role in …