done on a panel of 103 countries over the period 1979–2016. We find that in the five years following a large earthquake (i …) countries exposed accumulate reserves, for precautionary reasons, (ii) trade openness is positively associated with the post-earthquake …/or inflation targeting regimes, and (iv) the patterns of reserves holding post-earthquake vary with a country’s income level. …

Purpose: Whether this earthquake would become a turning point of the high oil price and whether it would have big … internal relations between changes in yen exchange rate caused by Japan's earthquake and price fluctuation of international … crude oil, this research chooses middle rate of yen exchange rate during the 45 days around Japan's earthquake and price …

year 2100, while the ratio to world GDP is 0.006%. The US and China account for much of the absolute damage, whereas small … choice of baseline and of the wind-speed elasticity of storm damage. -- climate change ; tropical storms ; economic impact …

economic impacts, a potential spillover benefit of greater storm exposure may be a more tightly knit society. -- natural …