Environmentally related taxes are an important instrument for governments to shape relative prices of goods and services. The characteristics of such taxes included in the database (e.g. revenue, tax base, tax rates, exemptions, etc.) are used to construct the environmentally related tax...

Optimal policy design should maximize environmental benefits and minimize negative impacts of the environmental tax reform (ETR) on economy and society. Both researchers and policy makers are interested in potential impacts of ETR implementation as perceived by the relevant stakeholders....

In 1999 the red/green administration in Germany induced an ecological tax reform, which burdens energy consumption and uses the tax revenue to reduce social security distributions. As in other countries the design of the taxation does not follow textbook considerations, but is marked by many...