Ongoing global changes bring fundamentally new scientific problems requiring new concepts and tools. A key issue concerns a vast variety of practically irreducible uncertainties, which challenge our traditional models and require new concepts and analytical tools. The uncertainty critically...

Ongoing global changes pose fundamentally new scientific problems requiring new concepts and tools. A key issue concerns a vast variety of practically irreducible uncertainties, which challenge traditional models and require new concepts and analytical tools. Uncertainty can dominate, as in the...

The main purpose of this paper is review uncertainty and how it can be managed? Also, to review reasons of uncertainty and their common typologies. What are the main reasons to reduce uncertainty, types, strategies, and methods? How to reduce Cognitive Uncertainty and Behavioral Uncertainty? And...