Biodiversity is an important environmental public good. However, the literature suggests that it is not clear how its … biodiversity value from the ecological and economic literatures and combines them to a comprehensive and consistent framework. It … is argued that biodiversity is the main carrier of insurance value, option value and spill-over value, and also …

. To understand these differences, 60 models addressing issues relevant to biodiversity conservation have been selected …

We study how income inequality affects the social value of a dynamic public good, such as natural capital. Our theory … values between study and policy contexts, or to up-scale values from study sites to the national scale. Our theory provides …

changes in existence. Moreover, when applied to biodiversity, the concept of existence value gives rise to an instance of a … biodiversity cannot have existence value; yet the results of empirical studies suggest that people in stated preference studies can …