The European emission trading scheme regulates the pollution of carbon dioxide for more than 11,000 facilities. Nevertheless quickly doubts arose about the efficiency of allocation methods and of the trade in emission allowances. Hence this paper tests for the hypothesis of economic...

This study provides comparative tests for the decision usefulness of four accounting alternatives for emission rights. In current accounting practice, cost-based net approaches as well as cost- and market-based gross approaches coexist. Modelling the available accounting treatments as reporting...

Prior studies on the distributional effects of the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) have so far only relied on supply and demand data. Empirical evidence from capital markets has been missing. We address this gap and measure the ETS's economic consequences, using the...

Insurance companies increasingly augment their financial reports by releasing actuarial measures—the so-called embedded value—to supply information about the value of their life insurance activities. Both accounting and actuarial measures differ with respect to the timeliness of profit...