Lamar, Bruce W.; Wallace, Chris A. - In: Management Science 43 (1997) 10, pp. 1431-1436
Conditional penalties are used to obtain lower bounds to subproblems in a branch-and-bound procedure that can be tighter than the LP relaxation of the subproblems. For the fixed charge transportation problem (FCTP), branch-and-bound algorithms have been implemented using conditional penalties...