cluster and the circumstances under which such clustering is socially undesirable. NGOs compete through fundraising for … competition under issue specialization. We show that equilibrium clustering is more likely to occur when the share of multiple …-issue donors is relatively large, and when the fundraising technology is sufficiently efficient. Moreover, this situation is …

competition is associated with more efficient foreign aid activities of NGOs, rather than leading to "excessive" fundraising …-governmental organizations (NGOs). In particular, we analyze whether non-charitable expenditures for administration, management and fundraising … depend on the intensity of competition among NGOs and on the degree to which they are refinanced by governments. We control …

competition is associated with more efficient foreign aid activities of NGOs, rather than leading to "excessive" fundraising …-governmental organizations (NGOs). In particular, we analyze whether non-charitable expenditures for administration, management and fundraising … depend on the intensity of competition among NGOs and on the degree to which they are refinanced by governments. We control …

the need for fundraising affects the policy communication strategy of these organizations. To attract more funds …