productivity across the region. One of the striking patterns that emerges is how the extent of openness and the competitiveness of … markets affects the relative productivity of firms across the region. Firms with foreign ownership and firms that export are … significantly more productive, and the productivity gap is larger the less developed is the local market. We exploit the rich set of …

productivity across the region. One of the striking patterns that emerges is how the extent of openness and the competitiveness of … markets affects the relative productivity of firms across the region. Firms with foreign ownership and firms that export are … significantly more productive, and the productivity gap is larger the less developed is the local market. We exploit the rich set of …

We estimate changes in the productivity of schooling for six East Asian countries. Our productivity measure is based on … should indicate declining relative schooling productivity. We find that the price of schooling increased by more than the … substantially, which suggests a constant quality of schooling output. Hence we conclude that schooling productivity has declined …