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, the Subsidy Dependence Index (SDI) - the ratio of subsidy received to revenue from loans; and, subsidy is the social cost …
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-- What Is the Subsidy Dependence Index? -- What Is Net Present Cost to Society? -- Is the Subsidy Dependence Index Redundant … Development Finance Institution Get? -- Numerical Examples of the Subsidy Dependence Index -- Is Subsidy in the Subsidy Dependence … Index Related to a Subsidy-Adjusted Return on Equity? -- How Does the Subsidy Dependence Index Change as Its Parts Change …
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The paper assesses the multilateral development financing system in the light of the replenishments of three key funds in 2013. It argues that the replenishments showed strong continuing support for each institution, but identifies challenges emerging from the reliance on traditional donors and...
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How and where infrastructure is built – and how environmental and social risks related to infrastructure are managed – will have a direct influence on whether developing countries pursue more sustainable development pathways or not. Development banks and development finance institutions...
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