In the industrial sector, improvement in energy efficiency is indicated via a reduction in energy intensity. Accordingly, improvements in energy efficiency implies production of more goods and services using the same amount of energy inputs or production of the same amounts of goods and services...

Iran economy has high energy intensity and CO2 emission compared to other peer countries. This study adopts the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI-I) method to decompose the total energy intensity changes of the Iranian economy by considering inter-fuel substitution impacts of the economic...