and lower teaching quality when in class. The authors document that health problems-primarily teachers' own illness and … struggling with an HIV/AIDS epidemic. The relationship between shocks to teachers and student learning suggests that households … are unable to substitute adequately for teaching inputs. Excess teaching capacity that allows for the greater use of …

and lower teaching quality when in class. The authors document that health problems-primarily teachers' own illness and … struggling with an HIV/AIDS epidemic. The relationship between shocks to teachers and student learning suggests that households … are unable to substitute adequately for teaching inputs. Excess teaching capacity that allows for the greater use of …

reflects both the direct effect of increased absenteeism and the indirect effects of less lesson preparation and lower teaching … members - account for more than 60 percent of teacher absences; not surprising in a country struggling with an HIV/AIDS … adequately for teaching inputs. Excess teaching capacity that allows for the greater use of substitute teachers could lead to …

We analyse the returns to schooling in Zambia in a human capital model where participation and sector choice are …