Organizational memory is not just the stock of knowledge about how to do things, but also of the expectations of organizational members vis-à-vis each other and the organization as a whole. The central argument of this paper is that this second type of organizational memory – organizational...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework of managerial knowledge integration and to illustrate the framework for three levels of management: front-line, middle, and top management. Based on the framework, propositions will be derived relating managerial knowledge...