The world sugar economy has changed a large amount within a less of century because of economic and politic situation in the country which may transform an exporter to be importer. However, there are several factors may influence the transformation and those are forecasted to see how far those...

This paper presents a theory of rent seeking within farmer cooperatives in which inequality of asset ownership affects relative control rights of different groups of members. The two key assumptions are constraints on lump-sum transfers from poorer members and disproportionate control rights...

The EU Common Market Organisation has remained largely unchanged since its inception nearly 40 years ago. Reform has become inevitable due to changes to other sectors in the Common Agriculture Policy and pressure arising from international commitments. The current system provides sufficient...

The European Union grants preferential market access for sugar to a group of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. Sugar exported under these quotas receives between two and three times the world price. These trade preferences are intended as a form of aid, but they tend to stifle...

We estimate the effect of the tax of one Mexican peso (MP) per liter of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), implemented since January 2014, on consumer and producer outcomes in urban Mexico. We also simulate the effect of the recommended tax of two MP per liter of SSB. Based on purchase data from...

Background: studies have shown that one potential cause of obesity is excessive sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption; and its health harm is not often fully accounted for when people are making consumption decisions. Objective: to measure the monetary value of harm from excessive SSB...

In recent years, numerous U.S. cities have enacted taxes on sweetened beverages, but there is relatively little evidence about the effects of these taxes on purchases and consumption. In this paper, we examine the effects of the beverage tax of 1.5 cents per ounce that was implemented in...

Attrition amounts to cost to certain extent for a business. If the out going employees are creating more value for the organization higher than CTC (Cost to Company), business should make effort to retain them in the organizations. The reason of attrition may be employee, employer or the...

The main objective this research study to estimate the price elasticity, price shock and consumption demand of sugar in Pakistan. Time series data from 1990-2013 were taken from various secondary sources, the data series is stationary if its mean (Exi) and variance (Xt) are constant over the...

Background/Objectives: The increased consumption of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been associated with risks of obesity, and corresponding risks of type 2-diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. In order to reduce the intake of these beverages, the South African government has...