The challenge facing urban planners and politicians in many European towns and cities is that of balancing the demand for increasing personal mobility and economic growth, with the need to respect the environment and provide an acceptable quality of life for all citizens. While it is clear that...

This study compares the environmental impacts of urban public transport and automobiles (energy use, emissions, noise nuisance, waste materials and use of space). For this purpose two models have been developed FACTS-Urban (Forecasting air pollution by car traffic simulation) and MILOV...

Private motorised vehicles account today for 90% of total surface transport1 CO2 emissions. Car fleets are growing rapidly in many cities in the developing world, where population and income growth will be concentrated in the coming decades. For example, whilst urban agglomerations with more...

In this paper we develop a framework to value public investments with the purpose of increasing bicycling that explicitly accounts internal costs of bicycling, which are typically neglected in current established approaches that value bicycle spending by means of gross health benefits alone, as...

Gegenwärtig weist der Öffentliche Personennahverkehr (ÖPNV) in Deutschland ein beträchtliches Maß an ökonomischer Ineffizienz auf. Ausschlaggebend dafür ist die starke Einflußnahme des Staates auf diesen Verkehrsbereich: Der ÖPNV wird staatlich reguliert und sein Leistungsumfang zu...

This text analyzes Brazilian families spending with public and private urban transport based on family budget surveys conducted by IBGE in 2003 and 2009. It was observed that on average Brazilian families spend about 15% of their income on urban transportation. Private transport expenses are...