districts in which these men were observed as children in the 1901 census. We find strong negative effects of coal intensity on … to the improvement in health (and the increase in height) during the twentieth century …

paper, we analyze data for over 174,000 Indian and Sub-Saharan African children to show that Indian firstborns are taller …. This pattern persists when we compare height between siblings, and also holds for health inputs such as vaccinations. Three … order gradient among Indian children and, consequently, the overall height deficit. First, the Indian firstborn height …