During the past two decades, Latin American countries have made pioneering efforts in reforming infrastructure services. The "first generation of reforms" encompassed widespread privatization, deregulation and restructuring of the provision of energy, water, transport and telecommunications...

[eng] The paper examines the various cases which can exist in the vertical relation between an upstream enterprise, owner of a bottleneck facility, and a downstream enterprise, obliged to use this facility. It shows that (only) in the case in which the downstream firm is a partial owner to the...

We analyze the complex nature of interactions among participants in "two-sided" payments system markets, examine empirical evidence on benefits, especially merchant benefits, and re-assess the role of interchange in balancing interests and allocating costs between merchants and consumers. We...