In 1804 Haiti declared its independence from France, defeating French forces in a twelve-year long slave insurrection turned revolutionary war. Two decades later, France finally agreed to recognize Haitian statehood on the condition that Haiti pay a substantial indemnity to compensate French...

The unemployment rate in France is roughly 6 percentage points higher for African immigrants than for natives. In the US the unemployment rate is approximately 9 percentage points higher for blacks than for whites. Commute time data indicates that minorities face longer commute times to work,...

Becker's model (1957) explains how the distribution of prejudice among the majority leads to discrimination of the minorities. On the other hand, a more recent line of research suggests that the role of taste is marginal, discrimination being a rational answer to ex ante beliefs in minorities'...