Shadow price is one of the most important pieces of information in environmental decision making. Two different approaches—namely, economic and engineering—have been applied to obtain the shadow price of undesirable outputs, while using different methodological backgrounds and perspectives....

In this study, parametric and non-parametric methods are employed to measure the total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the Korean manufacturing industry from 1993 to 2003. The analysis period contains both periods before and after the Asian financial crisis. The TFP growth rate is decomposed...

The technology-based start-ups have emerged as important drivers of innovative activity across many industries. For these start-ups, the initial public offering (IPO) has been used as a measure for performance and leads to an influx of capital that enables these firms to implement their ideas....

This paper contributes to empirical research of intra-industry trade, especially vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT), by two aspects. Firstly, we separate VIIT into higher-export-price VIIT and lower-export-price VIIT. Secondly, we give attention to R&D and FDI stock in explaining VIIT...