Ende letzten Jahres hat die Europäische Zentralbank einen Beschluß mit weitreichenden Veränderungen über die Verteilung der monetären Einkünfte der nationalen Zentralbanken der Euroländer gefaßt. Welche Veränderungen kommen auf die einzelnen Nationalbanken zu? Wer gehört zu den...

Biodiversity loss is a serious global environmental problem. Economic instruments in biodiversity policies can contribute towards reconciling the conservation costs encountered at local level with the benefits of biodiversity conservation at higher levels of governance, from regional and...

Local conservation efforts are often related to benefits at higher governmental levels. On the one hand, these efforts are strongly connected to local land-use decisions. On the other hand, activities such as sustainable water management or biodiversity conservation are associated with regional,...

Regions often consist of both urban, densely populated areas and rural, more remote areas. In contrast to the acknowledged socio-economic functions of urban agglomerations, rural and remote areas usually provide ecological services for society as a whole. A number of these ecological services...

Under cooperative federalism, when an identical tax tariff applies to all regions of a federation, usually redistribution rules are implemented to smooth fiscal differences. The administration of tax collection, however, is sometimes delegated to the regional level, leaving the regional...

Objectives: To contribute to the policy discussion of equity and health financing in Chile by evaluating the improvement in the capitation formula for paying PHC providers by using selected diagnoses. The socio-economic status of the municipalities and the urban/rural location of providers are...

Die Verhandlungen zwischen Bund und Ländern zur Neugestaltung des Finanzausgleichs in Deutschland sind festgefahren. Vor allem die Vorstellungen zur Zukunft des Umsatzsteuerausgleichs gehen diametral auseinander, hier scheint keine Einigung absehbar. Diese Debatte wurde vor drei Jahren in der...

The paper examines the progress being made in local finance reforms and indicates pathways to advance those reforms. A summary of the effects of decentralization is given as a contextual background for the discussion of local finance reforms. The inefficient tax assignment has constrained the...