-valorem taxes. We show that (i) a monopoly may have too high output compared to the social optimum; (ii) output may be reduced by … imposing negative value-added taxes (subsidy) or positive specific taxes …

brands. Under constant tax rates, a monopoly sells different brands to social classes of equal measure, while in contestable …, while a monopoly faces an adequate flat tax rate to all brands. In contrast with extant literature, subsidies may be …

equity-efficiency trade-off that occurs because the government does not observe ability, but at the expense of exacerbating …

equity-efficiency trade-off that occurs because the government does not observe ability, but at the expense of exacerbating …

- rather than a subsidy - could increase output and enhance welfare. …