The transmission of monetary policy, especially in light of recent events, has received increased attention, especially with respect to the efficacy of the bank lending channel. This paper summarizes the issues associated with isolating the bank lending channel and determining the extent to...

Off-balance-sheet (OBS) activities are special means of credit expansion of commercial banks, which can affect banks' assets allocation decisions, loans supplies, and the bank lending channel of monetary policy transmission. This paper analyses the impact of OBS activities on banks' asset...