This paper presents a simple model in which credit-constrained firms might delay the adoption of new and more productive technologies because of the external financing costs involved. Applying for a loan can be a very costly process by itself. Where there is a high degree of credit rationing,...

In this paper, we solve instances of the multiobjective multiconstraint (or multidimensional) knapsack problem (MOMCKP) from the literature, with three objective functions and three constraints. We use exact as well as approximate algorithms. The exact algorithm is a properly modified version of...

In this article we attempt to expand the limited framework of single-objective optimisation and broaden Markowitz's market standard, within which the problem of portfolio selection is conventionally addressed. The decision maker's Investment Policy Statement (IPS) is formulated through a...

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have lofty expectations regarding the impact of official development aid. Are these expectations valid? This paper surveys the literature on aid and growth. It finds that practically all aid studies since the late 1990s conclude that aid increases economic...

The paper uses an aid disaggregation approach to examine the impact of different aid modalities on the fiscal sector of the aid-recipient country. It uses time-series data on different types of development aid (project aid, programme aid, technical assistance and food aid) for Uganda, an...

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) give aid to Africa a new emphasis. Yet aid flows to Africa have trended downward over the last decade, and as a consequence more Africans now live in poverty. This is especially true of Sub-Saharan Africa. Any progress towards the main MDG target of...

The paper uses different measures of financial sector development (FSD) for a dynamic heterogeneous panel of 17 African countries to examine the impact of FSD on private savings. An innovative econometric methodology is also employed related to a series of cointegration tests within a panel....

The incidence of vocational training is influenced by characteristics of workers and firms. The authors investigate the determinants of both employer-arranged training and individually organized training. The data relate to training spells experienced by 2,000 British workers in 1984-87, when...