the emphasis in industrial policy on productivity growth and the potential gains that could be made by facilitating … extent to which it leads to productivity-enhancing effects. We focus on two channels, a competition and a spillover channel … competition effects associated with clustering for formal and manufacturing firms. We find some evidence of productivity …

evidence in Central and Eastern Europe of the effects of geographical proximity and agglomeration on the productivity of … significant effect on the productivity of domestic firms in the glass sector at a 5% level. The effect of geographical proximity …