living standards in LDCs. In particular, it is not known if a substantial share of welfare or poverty is the consequence of … price differences rather than of differences in living standards across households and seasons. Using data from Rwanda, we … contrast, the change in poverty can be considerable, for chronic as well as transient or seasonal poverty indicators. The …

Using data from several seasons in Rwanda, we test the indpendence between Laspeyres local and seasonal price indices … and nominal living standards in Rwanda. the results show that the hypothesis of independence cannot generally be rejected … in rwanda, although the choice of the adult-equivalence scale can be influential in some seasons. …

Using panel data from Rwanda, we estimate censored quantile regressions for both household chronic and transient … seasonal poverty indices. The estimation results show that the number of children, the age and the minority ethnic group of the … head, and the distance to the nearest market are related to higher household chronic and transient poverty. In contrast …

It is crucial for social policy in Less Developed Countries to identify separate correlates for transient poverty and … chronic poverty at the household level because seasonal poverty substantially contributes to annual poverty. This has been … attempted by estimating household equations for those poverty indicators typically by using Tobit and Probit models. However …