This paper investigates product-specific scale economies of banks with respect to off-balance sheet operations. The cost benefits from the non-separability of outputs available to banks that imply the role of OBS activities on bank scale economies are also examined. We further test whether the...

Improving global health outcomes amidst fiscal constraints, climate crises, and pandemics is a formidable challenge for governments worldwide. The recently published WHO/World Bank 2023 UHC Global Monitoring Report underscores a concerning reality: despite the goal of universal health coverage...

When deciding who should receive welfare benefits with the aim to increase household well-being, it is necessary to understand the effects of the distribution of power within the households at which the aid is directed. Two primary household models have been used to study intra-household...

This paper analyses the patterns of and the challenges for youth employment in Pakistan, and examines whether these challenges are youth-specific. Using the 2005-2006 labour Force Survey (LFS), the analysis includes determinants of unemployment, determinants of working in the formal sector, rate...

This paper exploits the panel data of a randomized experiment from PROGRESA program to evaluate the impact of droughts on food consumption and the mitigating effects of the conditional cash transfer program on such impacts. Drought reduces caloric availability from vegetables, fruits and animal...

Using a panel survey, this paper investigates how the increase in food prices in Pakistan in 2008-2010 affected children's school enrollment and labor. The causal identification relies on geographical variations in the price of food (wheat). The results show that the negative impacts of food...