The impact of sustainable investment funds can in principle be achieved via three impact channels, which can be systematized in an impact framework. While the impact channels have already been described quite well in theoretical terms, relatively few empirical studies have been conducted to...

Absent mandatory reporting, and although many companies report their carbon emissions, much of the emissions data are estimated by data providers. As we evaluate the forward-looking carbon scores from several popular data providers, we find no evidence that these scores predict future changes in...