It is s important for firms to choose appropriate performance measurements when they evaluate their employees' performance. In this paper, we examine the relationship between uncertainty and incentives in which the risk-averse agent has the specific knowledge. We show that uncertainty does not...

A principal provides incentives for independent agents. The principal cannot observe the agents' actions, nor does she know the entire set of actions available to them. It is shown that an anti-informativeness principle holds: very generally, robustly optimal contracts must link the incentive...