The classical condition number is a very rough measure of the effect of perturbations on the inverse of a square matrix. First, it assumes the perturbation is infinitesimally small. Second, it does not take into account the perturbation structure (e.g., Vandermonde). Similarly, the classical...

In statistics, samples are drawn from a population in a data-generating process (DGP). Standard errors measure the uncertainty in estimates of population parameters. In science, evidence is generated to test hypotheses in an evidence-generating process (EGP). We claim that EGP variation across...

This paper considers nonparametric identification and estimation of the regression function when a covariate is mismeasured. The measurement error need not be classical. Employing the small measurement error approximation, we establish nonparametric identification under weak and...