The huge difference in the level and variance of student performance in the 2000 PISA study between Finland and Germany … scores than Finnish students. The results imply that early streaming in Germany penalizes students in lower school types and … school types. Overall, the variation in test scores can be explained much better by the observable characteristics in Germany …

This paper analyses the impact of family background, gender and cohort on educational attainment in France and Germany … spite of huge differences in the distribution of education in France and Germany, these countries prove surprisingly similar …