spillovers of pre-competitive publicly funded Industrial Collective Research (ICR) in Germany. The ICR aims to compensate for …

Systemic innovation theory emphasizes that innovations are the result of an interdependent exchange process between … different organizations. This is reflected in the current paradigm in European innovation policy, which aims at the support of … collaborative R&D and innovation projects bringing together science and industry. Building on a large data set using project …

This study focuses on the impact of innovation policies and R&D collaboration in Germany and Finland. We consider … the firm level. In general, we find that collaboration has positive effects. In Germany, subsidies for individual research …