Even if a global agreement is achieved on climate change issues, it is likely that national policies will continue to differ. Consequently, the competitiveness of some industries could be affected and the so-called 'carbon leakage' effect might occur. This effect is more likely for those...

State-sponsored incentive policies frequently include subsidies or rebates for the purchase of more efficient appliances. However, more research is required into the effects of this tool in isolation. A case in point is the so-called “Renove” plan in Spain. First, the inefficiency losses...

CO2 prices will continue to differ from one country to another for a long time, even if a global post-Kyoto agreement is achieved in the near future. The non-homogeneous nature of climate policies may decrease the competitiveness of some industries with the risk of relocation of activities due...

The Brundtland Report (WCED, 1987) encouraged the view that the main threats to the environmental sustainability of development are poverty‐driven depletion of environmental resources in the developing world, and consumption‐driven pollution of the biosphere by the developed world. Recent...

This report has various objectives: (i) to provide an overview of the climate Integrated Assessment approach; (ii) to describe the Global Climate Assessment Model (GCAM); (iii) to outline the new IPCC scenario framework represented by the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) and the...