Purpose – The purpose of the study is to assess whether outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and home country capital investment are substitutes or complements. Design/methodology/approach – Case studies of 22 Canadian multinational companies (MNCs) were carried out, and the qualitative...

Purpose The paper aims to provide an updated broad assessment of the environment for foreign direct investment (FDI) in light of the referendum vote in the UK to exit the European Union (Brexit), the election of Donald Trump as President of the USA and growing nationalist movements in Europe....

The events of 9/11 and subsequent border entry security initiatives have led to increased costs and transportation delays that have the potential to impact Canada-U.S. trade. Researchers have identified increased border crossing times for importers and exporters transporting goods between the...