-up threats. Backward references in firm's patent portfolio indicate potential technology suppliers. I find a negative effect of … characteristics of the downstream firm. -- Market for Technology ; Complementary Assets ; Transaction Costs ; Patent Thickets …Innovation is commercialization of technology. Imperfections in markets for technology should leave marks on physical …

Over the past two decades multinational firms from high-technology industries have increasingly relied on outsourcing … technological competence level of firms, especially in high-technology industries. We test our hypothesis with a sample of 50 firms … sample of firms from high-technology industries outsourcing has not coincided with the outsourcing of technological …